Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS)
Cooperative Connected Automated Mobility (CCAM)
Evaluation of standards

Edition 17. April 2024

Note: This web is under construction to add CCAM details to a previous web on C-ITS.
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Summary

This online guide provides an evaulation of selected SDO deliverables for CCAM and C-ITS. It is the result of many years of standardization and research activities of Dr. Hans-Joachim Fischer at ESF GmbH (until end 2021) and at Engineering Services Fischer.

It serves as a guide for standard developers, system designers, and for deployment.

References to a large choice of standards for are given.

For details on standards you may consult:

the ISO Online Browisng Platform
the ISO Online Shop
the ETSI's deliverable data base
my list of abbreviations, terms and respective definitions
my short list of standards (only document numbers and titles - more details below)

This web will continuously be updated to reflect latest developments in standardization and deployment.

Content

1 C-ITS and CCAM - An introduction

2 Standardization at SDOs

2.1 General
2.2 Goals of standardisation
2.3 Releases
2.4 SDOs

2.4.1 Overview
2.4.2 Major advocates of ITS
2.4.3 Further advocates active in C-ITS
2.4.4 Secondary SDOs

2.5 Standardisation areas
2.6 Categories of SDO deliverables

3 Selected standards for C-ITS

3.1 General
3.2 Overall high-level system architecture and related entities

3.2.1 EN 17419 – Globally unique identification
3.2.2 TS 102 940 - Security architecture
3.2.3 ISO 17427-1 – Roles and responsibilities

3.3 Station architecture

3.3.1 ISO 21217 – Station and communication architecture
3.3.2 ISO 20026 – C-ITS test architecture
3.3.3 EG 202 798 - Framework for conformance and interoperability testing

3.4 ITS applications, message sets, messages, data

3.4.1 TR 102 638 - Basic set of applications
3.4.2 TS 102 637-1 - Functional requirements for BSA
3.4.3 ISO 22837 – Reference architecture for probe vehicle systems and data
3.4.4 ISO 25114 – Framework for probe data reporting management
3.4.5 ISO 29284 - Event based probe vehicle data
3.4.6 TS 101 539-1 - Road Hazard Signalling (RHS)
3.4.7 TS 101 539-2 - Intersection collision risk warning
3.4.8 TS 101 539-3 - Longitudinal collision risk warning
3.4.9 ISO 14816 - Numbering and data structure for AVI
3.4.10 ITS 102 894-2 – ETSI common data dictionary
3.4.11 ISO 14906 - Vehicle-related data
3.4.12 EN 16157-1 – DATEX II context and framework
3.4.13 EN 16157-7 DATEX II common data elements

3.5 Station management

3.5.1 ISO 17423 - Application requirements and objectives
3.5.2 ISO 24102-6 – Path and flow management
3.5.3 ISO 24102-1 – Local station management
3.5.4 ISO 24102-2 – Remote station management
3.5.5 ISO 24102-4 - Station-internal management communication
3.5.6 ISO 24102-7 - ITS-S capabilities
3.5.7 ISO 24102-8 - ITS-S application processes
3.5.8 ISO 24102-9 - ITS-S managed entities
3.5.9 ISO 24102-3 - Service access points
3.5.10 TS 102 687- Access layer decentralized congestion control mechanisms
3.5.11 TS 102 792 – DSRC mitigation techniques
3.5.12 TS 103 157 – Cross layer DCC management

3.6 Security

3.6.1 TS 102 731 – Security services and architecture
3.6.2 TS 102 941 – Trust and privacy management
3.6.3 TS 102 942 – Access control
3.6.4 TS 102 943 – Confidentiality services
3.6.5 TS 103 097 Security header and certificate formats
3.6.6 IEEE Std. 1609.2 - Security services for applications and management messages
3.6.7 ISO 21177 - Secure sessions with ITS station units

3.7 Access technologies

3.7.1 ISO 21215 – ITS-M5
3.7.2 ISO 21218 - Access technology support
3.7.3 EN 302 663 – ITS-G5
3.7.4 TS 102 724 - Harmonized channels in the 5 GHz frequency band
3.7.5 IEEE Std. 802.11 - Wireless LAN
3.7.6 EN 301 893 – RLAN essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
3.7.7 EN 302 571 – C-ITS essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
3.7.8 ISO 17515-1 – LTE access to Internet

3.8 Networking and transport technologies

3.8.1 ISO 29281-1 – Fast networking & transport protocol (FNTP)
3.8.2 ISO 21210 – IPv6 networking for ITS
3.8.3 EN 302 636-4-1 – GeoNetworking – media-independent functionality
3.8.4 TS 302 636-4-2 – GeoNetworking – media-dependent functionality for ITS-G5
3.8.5 EN 302 636-5-1 – Basic transport protocol for GeoNetworking
3.8.6 EN 302 636-6-1 – IPv6 over GeoNetworking
3.8.7 EN 302 931 - Geometrical shapes
3.8.8 TS 103 248 – Port numbers for BTP
3.8.9 ISO 16460 – Harmonized messaging format

3.9 Station facilities

3.9.1 ISO 19091 – Intersection management SPaT / MAP / SRM / SSM
3.9.2 ISO 19321 – In-vehicle information
3.9.3 ISO 16460 – Harmonized messages for service announcement
3.9.4 ISO 17429 – Generic facilities CPH, CSH, FSH
3.9.5 ISO 18750 - Local dynamic map
3.9.6 ISO 21176 – Position, velocity, time in an ITS-SU
3.9.7 ISO 22418 – Fast service announcement protocol
3.9.8 EN 302 637-2 - Cooperative awareness message
3.9.9 EN 302 637-3 – Decentralized environmental notification message
3.9.10 ISO 21184 – Global transport data management framework
3.9.11 ETSI TS 102 894-1 – Facilities layer structure and functional requirements
3.9.12 ETSI TS 103 301 – Facilities layer requirements for infrastructure services
3.9.13 ITS 17425 - In-vehicle presentation of external road and traffic related data
3.9.14 ITS 17426 - Contextual speeds
3.9.15 EN 16157-2 – DATEX II location referencing
3.9.16 EN 16157-3 – DATEX II situation publication

3.10 Protocol stack

3.10.1 CEN TS 17496 – Communication profiles
3.10.2 CEN TS 17182 – eCall in an ITS-SU
3.10.3 SAE J2945/1 – On-board system requirements for V2V safety communications

1 C-ITS and CCAM - An introduction

CCAM is the "political" straight forward continuation of C-ITS. From a technical point of view, CCAM focuses on technical details related to automated driving which complement the C-ITS technical features.

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems" (C-ITS) is a subset of standards for "Intelligent Transport Systems" (ITS).

ITS aims on improving surface transportation in respect of

safety
e.g.: crash avoidance, obstacle detection, emergency call, dangerous goods;
efficiency
e.g. navigation, green wave, priority, lane access control, contextual speed limits, car sharing;
comfort
e.g. telematics, parking, electric vehicle charging, infotainment;
sustainability,

by applying information and communication technologies (ICT).

ITS specifications are in general developed to address a specific ITS service domain such as public transport, road safety, freight and logistics, public emergency, electronic fee collection.

To support interoperability, C-ITS specifications are developed to exchange and share information ITS applications of a given application domain, and even between application domains.

C-ITS services are based on the exchange of data between vehicles of any category (cars, trucks, buses, emergency and specialized vehicles, ...), the roadside and urban infrastructure (traffic lights, road tolls, variable message signs, ...), control and services centres in the cloud (traffic control centre, service providers, map providers, …), and other road users (pedestrians, cyclists, …).

Some ITS services require cooperation by vehicles with their surrounding environment (other vehicles, other road users, roadside and urban infrastructure, …) while other ITS services require connectivity to remote service platforms (road traffic control centres, map providers, service providers, fleet managers, equipment manufacturers, …).

To support

a large variety of C-ITS services with diverging requirements, and
efficient sharing of information maintained by individual service applications,

it is necessary to combine multiple access technologies and communication protocols with distinct performance characteristics (communication range, available bandwidth, end-to-end transmission delay, quality of service, security, ...).

Combining multiple access technologies and communication protocols requires a common approach to the way communications and data are managed in a secure way. A functional architecture (“the ITS station architecture”) is thus specified to manage security, communications and data related to C-ITS services.

The ITS station architecture is specified in ISO 21217, see Figure 1, and details of functional building blocks of the ITS station architecture are specified in a set of related standards.

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Figure 1 — ITS station architecture with some details (from ISO 21217])

Similar to the ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 7-layer architecture, the ITS station architecture is designed into three independent communication layers (namely the ITS station access layer, the ITS station networking & transport layer, and the ITS station facilities layer) on top of which the ITS Applications entity is located. Additional cross-layer entities in charge of the management activities (management of ITS station units, communications and security) are supporting communications and applications.

An implementation of this ITS station architecture is referred to as "ITS Station Unit) (ITS-SUs); see ISO 21217. The functionalities available in an ITS station unit can be implemented in one or multiple physical units referred to as "ITS Station Communication Units" (ITS-SCUs); even such that the various ITS-SCUs of one ITS-SU are split over a large geographical area, e.g. along a motorway with several 10kms length.

ITS-SUs compliant with ISO 21217 can be deployed in various environments, including vehicles of any kind (vehicle ITS station), on the roadside infrastructure (roadside ITS station), in the cloud (central ITS station) or in nomadic devices (personal ITS station), as illustrated in Figure 2.

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Figure 2 — Peer-to-peer communications between ITS station units

As C-ITS deals with safety of human life and property, ITS station units are designed for supporting secure provision of the C-ITS services and secure allocation of resources with prioritized access. Security means cover the two essential operational modes

authentication of the sender of a broadcast message used for information dissemination, and
secure session establishment and maintenance,

and station-internal controlled access to data and station functionalities, e.g. authentication (who is allowed to do what, or who is allowed to access which data and how <read / write / delete>?) and prioritization (who is served first?).

NOTE ISO 21217 introduced the reference name "Bounded Secured Managed Entity" (BSME) of the ITS station unit to indicate these and further security features.

NOTE There can be station units for ITS in general, and particularly for C-ITS, that are not conformant with ISO 21217 and the set of related standards from ISO in a strict sense. However, in order to ensure secure communications with ITS-SUs, as a minimum, security means are applied that are conformant with respective security standards.

Due to the diverging requirements from the multiplicity of already known and continuously emerging ITS applications, multiple communication technologies that are fundamentally different can be supported in a specific ITS station unit. Supporting multiple access technologies and communication protocols, also referred to as “hybrid communications”, is a design principle of the ITS station architecture. The ITS station architecture is thus specified with no pre-defined mandatory communication technologies. It can support any type of existing and forthcoming technology to the conditions that

it respects the same design principles;
its integration into the ITS station architecture is specified in a support standard, and
preserves backward compatibility with existing standards.

Presently, specifications have been developed to support a number of access technologies, e.g.:

all kinds of cellular access technologies (e.g. specified at 3GPP with profile standards from other SDOs tailoring them to the ITS station reference architecture);
satellite communications;
other technologies such as infrared, millimetre wave (ultra wideband communications), vehicular WiFi (ITS-G5/US-DSRC/ITS-M5: all profiles of IEEE 802.11 OCB), optical light communications,

and several flavours of communication protocol suites:

GeoNetworking / Basic Transport Protocol from ETSI,
FNTP from ISO,
WSMP from IEEE
the suite of IPv6 protocols from IETF with supporting specifications from ISO.

The ITS station architecture actually combines

localized communications, i.e. communications to nearby stations without involving networking from a source station through nodes of a network to a final destination station – also referred to as "ad-hoc communications" and

networked communications.

NOTE Whilst networked communications, e.g. cellular communications and access to Internet, can apply the principle of "Technology Neutrality" (allowing simultaneous usage of a mix of incompatible technologies), localized communication between ITS station units has to be based on a specific access technology per service (or service domain) in order to enable interoperability.

EXAMPLE ITS-M5 (ISO 21215) with FNTP (ISO 29281-1) is an example of a protocol stack for localized communications. Cellular network access to Internet (ISO 17515-1) with IPv6 (ISO 21210) is an example of a protocol stack for networked communications.

Unlike many legacy applications, the choice of the access technology and communication protocol can be made transparent to the applications, i.e. ITS applications are technology-agnostic. This is achieved through a number of functionalities across the ITS station architecture in support of hybrid communications, and is illustrated in Figure 3.

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Figure 3 — Path and flow management for technology-agnostic ITS applications

Before transmitting data, applications provide their communication requirements (level of priority, amount of data to be transmitted, expected level of security, expected end-to-end transmission delay, …) to the management entity of the ITS station unit for each type of communication flow. In the meantime, the management entity maintains various information (local regulation enforcing the use of a specific communication profile, existing capabilities of the ITS station unit and their status, characteristics and load of available radio technologies, current load of the ITS station unit, …). Based on the communication requirement and the current view of the management, the uppermost relevant communication profile is selected and ITS station resources are securely committed for identified communication flow.

Standardization activities

C-ITS standards are developed by "Technical Committees" (TCs) of "Standard Development Organizations" (SDOs) dedicated to ITS, e.g.

TC 204 within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
TC 278 within the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and
TC ITS within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

Particularly relevant standardization activities are conducted within

ISO/TC 204/WG 1 on architectural issues and globally unique identifiers,
ISO/TC 204/WG 16 on access technologies, communication protocols, and probe data,
ISO/TC 204/WG 17 on personal devices,
ISO/TC 204/WG 18 on cooperative ITS (applications and protocols),
CEN/TC 278/WG 16 on cooperative ITS (joint WG with ISO/TC 204/WG 18),
CEN/TC 278/WG 17 on mobility integration and urban ITS (joint WG with ISO/TC 204/WG 19),
ETSI TC ITS on localized broadcast communications using ITS-G5.

While all of these groups are developing around the same ITS station architecture, each group has a specific focus.

ISO TC 204 and CEN TC 278 are usually more focused to high level definition, technology-agnostic and generically applicable functionalities (vehicles, roadside infrastructure, personal devices and control centres), whereas
ETSI is focused on vehicle-centric technologies and services using ITS-G5 and its associated set of protocols.

Supported access technologies and communication protocols are mostly developed within ISO/TC 204/WG 16 and ETSI TC ITS WG3 and WG4. Generic facilities (generic messaging, PVT, global LDM, …) and infrastructure-centric messaging (SPaT / MAP / IVI, …) are developed in ISO/TC 204/WG 18 jointly with CEN/TC 278/WG 16. ETSI TC ITS WG1 is developing vehicle-centric localized messages (CAM, DENM, …) and other vehicle-centric facilities (vehicle-LDM, POTI).

ISO/TC 204, CEN/TC 278 and ETSI TC ITS are also developing standards using building blocks developed by other organizations. For instance,

security functionalities developed by IEEE 1609 and IETF are adopted to exchange certificates and sign messages;
Internet Protocols developed by IETF are adopted for end-to-end communications over hybrid communications and
access technologies developed by IEEE and 3GPP are integrated as access technologies of the ITS station architecture.

Pilot deployments of C-ITS services

ISO, CEN and ETSI specifications related to C-ITS have been developed with the strong support of the European Commission since 2006, following its ITS Directive on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport, and its 6th and 7th framework research programmes (FP6 / FP7). From 2006 to 2012, the standardization activities at ISO was fuelled by collaborative projects (CVIS, SafeSpot, Coopers, COMeSafety, SeVeCom, Anemone, GeoNet, FOTsis, DriveC2X and ITSSv6) which provided work force and developed proof of concepts and prototypes, in particular CVIS. From 2010 to 2013 the standardization activities were further supported by the Standardization Mandate M/453 given to CEN/TC 278 and ETSI TC ITS to develop C-ITS standards in support of the ITS Directive. A subsequent support was given by the Standardization Mandate M/546 on Urban ITS given to CEN/TC 278.

In the meantime, various national efforts have also been initiated, for instance SCOREF in France and CONVERGE in Germany.

The ITS station architecture serves as a reference for numerous C-ITS services developed around the world, and more particularly in Europe. Early deployments of C-ITS services complying with the ITS station architecture have been initiated in Europe under the framework of the C-ROADS and InterCor initiatives supported by the European Commission. National pilot deployments are underway all across Europe (SCOOP in France, NordicWay in Scandinavia, the C-ITS corridor project between The Netherlands, Germany, and Austria) and in other regions such as Austroads in Australia and New Zealand, and in Israel. These early deployment projects are typically focused on road safety and traffic efficiency services that rely on the exchange of data between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure. Such data exchange is performed through both localized communications and networked communications.

In these European deployments, localized communications, also known as V2X, are performed using the ITS-G5 access technology within the 5.9 GHz frequency band, a WiFi profile designed for vehicular communications, whereas networked communication are typically made through a cellular technology (e.g. LTE). Other technologies can of course be used in the future (e.g. 5G, infra-red, …) as long as they comply with the ITS station architecture and related standards defining technology building blocks.

Early deployments have evidenced the need to deploy C-ITS services using a diversity of access technologies, for instance either ITS-G5 or LTE, or a combination of both. For instance, the French pilot deployment (SCOOP) is using ITS-G5 between vehicle and roadside ITS stations to inform about immediate dangers (CAM, DENM) and LTE is used by patrol vehicles to provide information to road control centres. In Scandinavia, the scarce population has driven NordicWay to deploy roadside ITS stations only at critical locations and to rely on LTE to deliver environmental information (DENM) from road control centres to vehicles.

Further on, at the early stage of deployment of C-ITS services, the density of vehicle ITS stations equipped with ITS-G5 capabilities is scarce, whereas roadside ITS stations are only deployed in critical areas. Similarly, many areas anywhere in the world do not have the benefit of sufficient cellular network coverage. While some time critical road safety C-ITS services are best served by localized communications (e.g. notification of immediate danger requiring emergency breaking), there are not always vehicles equipped with the ITS-G5 technology or roadside equipment in the vicinity able to relay the notification immediately to nearby vehicles. In such a situation, using networked communications (e.g. cellular) to provide the information to road control centres, and then from them back to vehicles in a specific are prevents the successive occurrence of road accidents.

All these experiences, gained through early deployments, demonstrate that it is not possible to provide the same level of services to all vehicles in all locations. The type of service and the performance of the service depends on national decisions, the local road environment, the density of population, the density of vehicles equipped, cellular coverage, and numerous other factors. In addition, and importantly, the roadside infrastructure equipment and vehicles have a life expectancy that far exceeds the innovation cycle of new radio and communication technologies, therefore equipment at the roadside and in vehicles is likely to have to accommodate new communications technologies during its lifetime.

Enhanced functionalities in the ITS station architecture

Flexible and future-proof management of data and messages is a pre-requisite for success of C-ITS. New messages – even if efficiently defined in ASN.1 and encoded with Unaligned Packed Encoding Rules - can be made available during run-time of C-ITS simply by providing message configuration information. This allows for faster introduction of new or modified services and increases communications efficiency. An approach to achieve this is known under the title "Global Transport Data Management" (GTDM) framework with specifications provided in TS 21184.

Many C-ITS services depend on accurate information on the kinematics status, e.g. location and speed of a station at a given time, of the ITS station units. Thus, a general "Position-Velocity-Time" (PVT) service, as specified in TS 21176, is a pre-requisite for successful deployment of such services. The basic estimation technology used for the PVT service is the technology known under the name of "Global Navigation Satellite System" (GNSS), namely GALILEO from the European Union, GPS from the United States of America, GLONAS from the Russian Federation. However, in addition to this basic technology, a large variety of complementary technologies are known to improve accuracy and reliability of the PTV service.

Hybrid communication support in the ITS station architecture

The ITS station architecture specified in ISO 21217 and its functionalities in support for hybrid communications provides an answer to these concerns and enables a future-proof and sustainable deployment of C-ITS services.

Due to the diverging requirements from the multiplicity of already known and continuously emerging ITS applications, different communication technologies are to be supported in a specific ITS station unit. This need was envisioned from the start of the development of the ITS station architecture ISO 21217 back to 2002 when ISO/TC 204/WG 16 was founded. As the diversity of ITS applications (ranged into three categories: “road safety”, “traffic efficiency” and “comfort”) with diverging communication requirements cannot be met by a single type of access technology and communication protocol, the ITS station architecture was designed to combine multiple access technologies and access protocols.

A first proof of concept of this approach was demonstrated as part of the EU funded CVIS project. In 2015, this need was labelled with the term "Hybrid Communication" in the reports of the German CONVERGE project. As of 2019, the need for hybrid communication solutions is expressed in pilot deployment of C-ITS services, particularly in the context of C-Roads in Europe.

Hybrid communications can basically be defined as the composition of multiple access technologies and protocols with different characteristics combined to provide complementary or redundant communication channels. This can arise in multiple situations:

When localized communications, i.e. communication to nearby stations without involving support of an infrastructure network, is combined with networked communications, i.e. communications using support of an infrastructure network, for instance when the V2X communication stack from ETSI is combined with TCP/IP;
When technology-agnostic applications are developed and deployed in a communication system equipped with multiple access technologies with dynamic determination of the most appropriate communication profile;
When safety critical communications, e.g. for platooning, requires physically independent redundant communication channels such that at least one of these channels provides the necessary information.

For deployment of ITS, especially C-ITS and the emerging Urban ITS and "Mobility as a Service" (MaaS) paradigms, consistent and complete sets of standards and profiles of standards including necessary parameterisation are necessary in support of the targeted ITS services to be provided by means of ITS applications. Such sets are referred to as "C-ITS Release". This document presents the C-ITS standards landscape, describes a concept of Releases, and exemplifies this concept with a "C-ITS Release 2".

2 Standardization at SDOs

2.1 General

Standardisation in general is the process of generating specifications by a recognized authority, i.e. an SDO, applying the principle of consensus finding in the working groups of an SDO prior to formal approval by voting according to the rules of the SDOs.

Generating specifications outside of SDOs typically is a faster process of generation specifications than the process of standardisation, as the principle of consensus building amongst a group of stakeholders with typically at least slightly diverging interests and business models does not need to be applied. Consequently, standardisation is a somehow slow process that can result in compromises and standards composed of options, such that these standards cannot be used as "blueprints" for the development and production of interoperable equipment.

Regulatory requirements complement standards and specifications, and have to be considered for deployment of equipment and operation of services in the given regulatory domain.

2.2 Goals of standardisation

The purpose of standardisation, in general, is to enable or facilitate services of the respective standardisation domain, i.e. C-ITS services provided by ITS applications for the ITS service domains. Particularly, the purpose of standardisation is manifold, aiming on e.g.:

technical interoperability at observable communications interfaces, covering e.g. mechanical, electrical, and logical requirements;
portability of applications, enabling e.g. online download of applications from station management centres and execution of them on different technical platforms;
syntactical and semantical interoperability in terms of data and messages;
minimum functionality from the users point of view;
minimum performance to ensure reliable execution of use-cases;
facilitation of implementations;
reliable protected operations in terms of privacy and (cyber) security;
provision of commonly agreed terms and definitions, i.e. a common language;
commonly agreed modes of operation, i.e. work methods;
a global market;
prevention of vendor-lock-in;
evidence of compliance.

An introduction to C-ITS services is provided in CEN/TR 21186-1.

2.3 Releases

In order to reach the standardisation goals listed in 2.2, standards are grouped in so-called "Releases" together with information on profiles and parameters. Profiles identify selected mandatory requirements, and parameter information identifies applicable values such that interoperability between equipment provided by different vendors is ensured.

Releases use dated references to standards. A release supports one or several use cases or services.

Clause 3 presents a non-exhaustive snap-shot of SDO deliverables that are considered to be of certain relevance for ITS, especially for C-ITS but also for the Urban ITS paradigm.

CEN/TR 21186-1 explains an approach towards C-ITS releases and provides examples of releases.

2.4 SDOs

2.4.1 Overview

Major standard development organisations (SDOs) working on an international or regional level in the domain of C-ITS are illustrated in Figure 4.

SDOs

Figure 4 — Major SDOs currently being active in C-ITS

Secondary SDOs are working on general purpose specifications that are usually referenced in ITS standards.

For deployment of ITS, regional legislation is to be considered, e.g. in Europe

Decisions of the European Commission;
Recommendations and Decisions from CEPT's ECC / ERC;
Delegated Acts of the European Commission.

2.4.2 Major advocates of ITS

The main internationally active advocate of ITS is the Technical Committee TC204 "Intelligent Transport Systems" of the International Standards Organisation (ISO), producing standards related to many service domains of ITS. More than 10 ITS service domains are identified so far in ISO/TC 204. ISO/TC 204 was founded in 1993. Currently the work programme of ISO/TC 204 is being updated.

ISO/TC 204 is organised in Working Groups (WG), and cooperates partly with CEN/TC 278 under the Vienna Agreement (VA), see Figure 5. The VA is the tool for getting identical standards in CEN and ISO. Joint working groups typically develop standards under the VA; however, the VA can be applied also without having a joint working group. CEN/TC 278 was founded in 1992 with the original title of "Road Transport Traffic Telematics"; the title was harmonised at a later stage with ISO/TC 204.

The missing WG numbers in Figure 5 are due to the fact that some of the initial working groups in CEN/TC 278 and ISO/TC 204 either are dormant, or merged with others, or already closed.

CEN_ISO_WGs

Figure 5 — Working groups and joint working groups in ISO/TC 204 and CEN/TC 278

It is to be noted that ISO/TC 204 founded a new WG 20 on "Big Data and Artificial Intelligence".

2.4.3 Further advocates active in C-ITS

Most relevant for C-ITS, in addition to CEN/TC 278 and ISO/TC 204, are

IEEE with its working groups on 802.11 and 1609, and
SAE America with the activities on data and message specifications, e.g. SAE J2735 and J2945/1.

Further relevant is

ETSI with its TC ITS being dedicated to C-ITS focusing on vehicle-centric communications and road safety, and its TC ERM working on frequency regulatory issues (Harmonised European Norms).

ETSI TC ITS was founded as the result of an initiative from the ETSI chair and board to become involved in ITS standardisation. It was formed in cooperation with CEN/TC 278 in respect of determining its remit and scope. ETSI TC ITS had its constitutional meeting in December 2007. From this time on, European car makers were involved in standardization, and significantly influence operations in TC ITS. ETSI TC ITS is organized in five working groups:

WG1: Facilities and applications
WG2: Architecture and cross-layer issues
WG3: Networking
WG4: Access technologies
WG5: Security.

As the European Union's mandate M/453 on C-ITS from 6th October 2009 was accepted by CEN/TC 278 and by ETSI TC ITS, CEN and ETSI had to formally cooperate and harmonize their contributions, e.g. with ETSI having a focus on its traditional experience on communications, and CEN having a focus on its traditional experience on services and applications. However, as a matter of fact, ETSI developed data and message specifications and ITS applications in its WG1, and CEN / ISO continued developing also communications standards.

ITU has some activities on ITS in general.

2.4.4 Secondary SDOs

Further SDOs, i.e. secondary SDOs with respect of ITS standardisation, are providing general purpose specifications that are applicable for C-ITS and referenced in C-ITS standards, e.g.:

the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): developing Request for Comments (RFCs) providing specifications related to the Internet Protocol;
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States of America: providing Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPSs) on cyber security.

2.5 Standardisation areas

Standardization activities can be grouped in standardization areas as presented in CEN/TR 21186-1. For the purpose of this document, this grouping follows largely the ITS station architecture specified in ISO 21217 and illustrated in Figure 6.

ITS station architecture simple

Figure 6 — Simplified ITS station architecture (ISO 21217)

The "Harmonized Architecture Reference for Technical Standards" (HARTS) project applied the same architectural approach using slightly different terms.

The following standardisation areas are identified and used in this multipart document:

A-1: System level issues
High level system architecture and related issues, i.e. the environment in which ITS-SUs according to Figure 6 operate.
A-2: Station architecture

Primarily the general framework illustrated in Figure 6.

A-3: ITS applications, messages, data
Issues related to use cases and related applications (procedural behaviour) and their respective communications (data and messages) that are typically architecturally located in the Applications and Facilities blocks of Figure 6.
A-4: Station management
Management of issues related to whole ITS-SU covering e.g. local station management and remote station management.
A-5: Security
Issues architecturally mainly located in the Security block of Figure 6; these issues include interactions between the Security block and basically all other blocks of Figure 6. Note that security also includes privacy.
A-6: Access layer technologies

Communications issues architecturally located in the Access block of Figure 6, i.e. the functionality of the OSI layers 1 and 2.

A-7: Network and transport layer technologies
Communications issues architecturally located in the Networking & Transport block of Figure 6, i.e. the functionality of the OSI layers 3 and 4.
A-8: Facility layer technologies
Issues related to communications and applications, architecturally located in the Facilities block of Figure 6, i.e. the functionality of the OSI layers 5, 6, and 7.
A-9: Protocol stack
Issues related to a combination of A-6, A-7, and A-8.

Within each standardization area, possible subjects of an SDO deliverable are distinguished by means of categories of SDO deliverables; see 2.6.

2.6 Categories of SDO deliverables

The following standards categories, applicable for the various standardisation areas presented in 2.5, are identified and used in this multipart document:

C-1: Preparatory investigations

The major topic is the provision of results on investigations aiming on identifying potential future standardisation activities.

C-2: Functional requirements

The major standardization topic is the provision of functional requirements without going into the details of specifications of e.g. protocols, data, or messages.

C-3: Use cases

The major standardization topic is the provision of use case specifications and related illustrations.

C-4: Data and messages

The major standardization topic is the provision of definitions of data, also referred to as "data dictionaries", or the specification of messages, typically based on standardized data.

C-5: Protocols

The major standardization topic is the provision of protocol specifications, e.g. communications protocols and procedural behaviour of applications.

C-6: Profiles

The major standardization topic is the provision of profiles based on existing standards, e.g. a communication profile ISO 21215 (ITS-M5) based on the tool box IEEE 802.11 (WiFi).

C-7: Testing

The major standardization topic is the provision of test specifications, e.g. conformance test suites. Conformance test suites typically consist of three parts, i.e.

a (Protocol) implementation conformance statement proforma (PICS) allowing a vendor to declare conformance with selected features;
a test suite structure and test purposes (TSS&TP) document providing a natural-language description of tests to be performed dependent on the PICS declaration;
an abstract test suite (ATS) providing test software (typically written in TTCN-3) to be executed dependent on the PICS declaration.

C-8: Regulations

The major topic is the provision of information on applicable regulations. Note that such information usually is not provided in standards, whilst standards (e.g. Harmonized European Norms) are referenced by regulation.

C-9: Registries

The major topic is the provision of registration information, e.g. a registry of OSI layer port numbers for a specific transport protocol, or a registry for globally unique ITS application identifiers (ITS-AID).

C-10: Tutorials and guidelines

The major topic is the provision of tutorials on technical topics and guidelines on how to apply standards; an example is this multipart document.

C-11: Reports

The major topic is the provision of non-normative information, and are largely different to tutorials and guides, e.g. validation reports on conformance testing and security analysis (TVRA).

C-12: Research

The major topic is the provision of results on scientific research related to potential future standardization.

C-13: Process

The major standardization topic is the provision of process specifications, e.g. business processes.

NOTE SDO deliverables can provide specifications related to various categories.

3 Selected standards for C-ITS

3.1 General

This clause provides a short description of standards that are considered to be relevant for future C-ITS Releases; see CEN/TR 21186-1. It is to be noted that C-ITS Releases dedicated to a specific region can be specified. A grouping is performed according to the standardisation areas defined in 2.5. A classification is indicated according to standard categories defined in 2.6.

The References clause contains informative references to additional deliverables from SDOs.

3.2 Overall high-level system architecture and related entities

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "System architecture" introduced in 2.5.

3.2.1 EN 17419 – Globally unique identification

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 17419	2	None	CEN ISO	Published	A-1	Several
Description:
Describes and specifies globally unique addresses and identifiers (ITS-S object identifiers) which are both internal and external to ITS stations and are used for ITS station management. Describes how ITS-S object identifiers and related technical parameters are used for classification, registration and management of ITS applications and ITS application classes. Describes how ITS-S object identifiers are used in the ITS communication protocol stack. Introduces an organizational framework for registration and management of ITS-S objects. Is based on the architecture of an ITS station specified in ISO 21217 as a Bounded Secured Managed Domain (BSMD). Specifies an ASN.1 module for the identifiers, addresses, and registry records identified in this document. Specifies an ASN.1 module for a C-ITS data dictionary containing general purpose ASN.1 type definitions.
Comments:
The actual ASN.1 files 17419.1.asn 17419.2.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/17419/ed-1/en.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.2.2 TS 102 940 - Security architecture

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 940	1.3.1		ETSI	Published	A-1	C-2
Description:
Specifies a security architecture for Intelligent Transport System (ITS) communications. Based upon the security services defined in ETSI TS 102 731, it identifies the functional entities required to support security in an ITS environment and the relationships that exist between the entities themselves and the elements of the ITS reference architecture defined in ETSI EN 302 665 / ISO 21217. Identifies the roles and locations of a range of security services for the protection of transmitted information and the management of essential security parameters. These include identifier and certificate management, PKI processes and interfaces as well as basic policies and guidelines for trust establishment.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.2.3 ISO 17427-1 – Roles and responsibilities

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 17427-1	1	None	ISO	Published	A-1	C-13
Description:
Contains a detailed description of the (actor invariant) ‘Roles and Responsibilities’ required to deploy and operate Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS). The organization / organization of actors / roles described in this document are designed to be appropriate for any fully operational system that uses the C-ITS concepts and techniques in order to achieve its service provision. The ‘Organizational’ or ‘Enterprise’ Viewpoint as defined in ISO/IEC 10746 Open Distributed Processing is applied.
Comments:
It seems to be that, to date, this business process standard is not actually applied anywhere.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.3 Station architecture

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "Station architecture" introduced in 2.5.

3.3.1 ISO 21217 – Station and communication architecture

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21217	2	None	ISO	Published	A-2	C-2
Description:
Describes the communications reference architecture of nodes called "ITS station units" designed for deployment in intelligent transport systems (ITS) communication networks. Describes the various communication modes for peer-to-peer communications over various networks between ITS communication nodes. These nodes can be ITS station units as described in ISO 21217 or any other reachable nodes. Specifies the minimum set of normative requirements for a physical instantiation of the ITS station based on the principles of a bounded secured managed domain.
Comments:
Edition 2 (2014) includes EN 302 665 [79]. Under revision in 2020 to align with latest developments in C-ITS standardization..
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.3.2 ISO 20026 – C-ITS test architecture

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 20026]	1	None	ISO	Published	A-2	C-7
Description:
Specifies an extension of the ETSI C-ITS test architecture EG 202 798 for conformance testing of protocols and applications in ITS station units. Specifies usage of the ITS station-internal management communication protocol (IICP) ISO 24102-4 for the purpose of connecting an ITS test system to an implementation under test (IUT) residing in a system under test (SUT).
Comments:
This standard complements ETSI EG 202 798
Related base standards:
Those implemented in an ITS-SU conformant with ISO 24102-4.

3.3.3 EG 202 798 - Framework for conformance and interoperability testing

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EG 202 798	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-2	C-7
Description:
Support ITS projects on the development of test specifications for ITS base standards from ETSI, ISO, CEN and other ""Standard Developing Organisations"" (SDOs) by providing: An ITS testing framework for conformance testing. An ITS testing framework for interoperability testing. The testing framework provides guidance for development of conformance and interoperability test strategies, test systems and the resulting test specifications for ITS.
Comments:

Related base standards:
Those implemented in an ITS-SU.

3.4 ITS applications, message sets, messages, data

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "ITS applications, messages, data" introduced in 2.5.

3.4.1 TR 102 638 - Basic set of applications

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TR 102 638	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-3	C-10
Description:
Describes a Basic Set of Applications (BSA) to be specified by Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in Release 1 of the ETSI ITS standards set. Defines BSA mainly focusing on V2V, V2I and I2V communications in the V2X dedicated frequency band. Introduces a V2X facilities layer model allowing the identification of the functional elements belonging to the facilities layer.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.2 TS 102 637-1 - Functional requirements for BSA

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 637-1	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-3	C-2
Description:
Provides the functional requirements for the applications and their use cases as defined in TR 102 638.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.3 ISO 22837 – Reference architecture for probe vehicle systems and data

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 22837	1	None	ISO	Published	A-3	C-10
Description:
Specifies reference architecture for probe vehicle systems and probe data, which provides a general structure for probe vehicle systems within which a wide range of actual probe vehicle systems can be built whose physical characteristics can differ. Specifies basic data framework for probe data elements and probe data, which defines probe data elements and probe messages. Specifies core data element definitions, which are basic descriptive elements intended to appear in every probe message, i.e. the location and the time at which the probe data was sensed. Specifies initial set of probe data elements, which are commonly used in typical probe data enabled application domains, such as traffic, weather, and safety. Provides example probe messages, which define how probe data elements are combined to convey information to probe processing centres.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.4 ISO 25114 – Framework for probe data reporting management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 25114	1	None	ISO	Published	A-3	C-2, C-4
Description:
Provides a common framework for defining probe data reporting management (PDRM) messages to facilitate the specification and design of probe vehicle systems. Provides definitions of PDRM messages. Specifies reference architecture for probe vehicle systems and probe data which incorporates PDRM, based on the reference architecture for ISO 22837 [42], and basic data framework for PDRM instructions, which defines specifically necessary conditions for PDRM instructions, and notations of these instructions (in XML).
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.5 ISO 29284 - Event based probe vehicle data

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 29284	1	None	ISO	Published	A-3	C-2, C-4
Description:
Specifies reference architecture for event-based probe vehicles which encompasses event-based probe data and standard probe data elements (ISO 22837). Specifies basic data framework of event-based probe data reporting, based on ISO 22837. Defines an initial set of event-based probe data elements.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.6 TS 101 539-1 - Road Hazard Signalling (RHS)

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 101 539-1	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-3	C-2
Description:
Provides the specification of the ITS application Road Hazard Signalling (RHS) service based on the cooperative awareness (CA) basic service and the decentralized environmental notification (DEN) basic service. This includes functional and operational requirements of the RHS application. For the originating side of the RHS application the operational conditions related to the hazard detection and the triggering of the DENM are specified. Considers performance requirements for the generation and transmission of CAMs and DENMs, which enable different levels of RHS, and collision avoidance and collision mitigation applications.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.4.7 TS 101 539-2 - Intersection collision risk warning

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 101 539-2	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Under development	A-3	C-2
Description:
Aims to provide a description of the Intersection Collision Risk Warning application, and specifications of the necessary parameters and conditions to operate the application using CAM and DENM.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.4.8 TS 101 539-3 - Longitudinal collision risk warning

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 101 539-3	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-3	C-2
Description:
Provides a description of the Longitudinal Collision Risk Warning (LCRW) application requirements. Provides the specification of the necessary parameters and conditions to operate the application using CAM and DENM. Provides the specifications of functional requirements and operational requirements of the LCRW application.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.4.9 ISO 14816 - Numbering and data structure for AVI

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 14816	1	None	ISO	Published	A-3	C-2, C-4
Description:
Establishes a common framework data structure for unambiguous identification in RTTT / ITS systems.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.10 TS 102 894-2 – ETSI common data dictionary

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 894-2	1.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-3	C-4
Description:
Defines a repository of a set of data elements and data element sets, denoted as data frames, that are commonly used in the ITS applications and facilities layer messages. Each data element is defined with a set of attributes, enabling the identification of the data element in question in a number of perspectives, e.g. descriptive name, ASN.1 definition, data definition, minimum data granularity requirement, etc. Focus is on the data elements being used by the Cooperative Awareness basic service as outlined in ETSI EN 302 637-2 and by the Decentralized Environmental Notification basic service as outlined in ETSI EN 302 637-3.
Comments:
This data dictionary contains the definition of the "ETSI common message header" that encapsulating all messages conveyed over the GeoNetworking protocol. This header provides redundant information on the message type which is already provided in the BTP port numbers; by this it violates the OSI layered model. Further on it contains a station identifier which might be subject to privacy issues; usage of this station identifier is unknown.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.4.11 ISO 14906 - Vehicle-related data

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 14906:2018 / FDAmd 1	3	None	ISO	Published	A-3	C-2, C-4
Description:
Specifies the application interface in the context of electronic fee collection (EFC) systems using the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), including EFC application information that can also be used for C-ITS applications and services.
Comments:
Clause 8.4 specifies the semantics of vehicle-related data, whilst Annex A presents the associated syntax notation one (ASN.1) type and value definitions. The actual ASN.1 files ISO14906(2020)EfcDsrcApplicationv8.asn; and ISO14906(2020)EfcDsrcGenericv9.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at www.itsstandards.eu/index.php/efc#EFCstandards and also at https://standards.iso.org/iso/14906/ed-3/amd/1/en. Annex E presents a mapping table between the data elements in ISO 14906 and the vehicle registration elements as defined in defined by European Council Directive 1999/37 and the European Commission Directive 2003/127 amending Council Directive 1999/37/EC on the registration documents for vehicles.
Testing:
The EN 15876 series defines related conformance tests.

3.4.12 EN 16157-1 – DATEX II context and framework

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 16157-1	1	None	CEN	Published	A-3	C-2
Description:
Specifies the DATEX II Version 3.0 framework of all parts of this European Standard, the context of use and the modelling approach taken and used throughout these European Standard.
Comments:
CEN is revising the whole suite of TS standards for DATEX II version 2.x into DATEX II version 3.0. The new version 3.0 is not backward compatible with any version 2.x.
Testing:
Unknown

3.4.13 EN 16157-7 DATEX II common data elements

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 16157-7	1	Predecessor TS	CEN	Published	A-3	C-4
Description:
Specifies common informational structures, relationships, roles, attributes and associated data types required for publishing information within the DATEX II framework.
Comments:
This is the first edition defining DATEX II Version 3.0.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.5 Station management

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "Station management" introduced in 2.5.

3.5.1 ISO 17423 - Application requirements and objectives

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 17423	2	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies communication service parameters presented by ITS station application processes to the ITS-S management in support of automatic selection of ITS-S communication profiles in an ITS station unit. Specifies related procedures for the static and dynamic ITS-S communication profile selection processes at a high functional level. Provides an illustration of objectives used to estimate an optimum ITS-S communication profile.
Comments:
This standard complements ISO 24102-6 on path and flow management. These two standards are the core management standards for hybrid communications. The actual ASN.1 file 17423.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/17423/ed-1/en.
Testing:
PICS included in an Annex. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.5.2 ISO 24102-6 – Path and flow management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 24102-6	1	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies parameters and procedures for the ITS station management entity to manage data flows and routing paths associated with available communication resources in an ITS station, and to map data flows to routing paths.
Comments:
This standard complements ISO 17423 on application requirements for communications. These two standards are the core management standards for management of hybrid communications. There is an attempt to split ISO 24102-6 into several parts of ISO 24102. The actual ASN.1 file 24102-6.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/24102/-6/ed-1/en.
Testing:
Not available.

3.5.3 ISO 24102-1 – Local station management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 24102-1	2	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Provides specifications for local management of ITS station units conformant with the ITS station reference architecture specified in ISO 21217.
Comments:
This standard is a toolbox including pointers to external management standards. The actual ASN.1 file 24102-1.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/24102/-1/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS included in an Annex. TSS&TP in ETSI TS 102 797-2 V1.2.1 - to be revised, and ATS in ETSI TS 102 797-3 V1.2.1 - to be revised.

3.5.4 ISO 24102-2 – Remote station management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 24102-2	2	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Provides specifications for remote station management of ITS station communication units conformant with the ITS station reference architecture specified in ISO 21217.
Comments:
This standard provides basic requirements for remote station management whilst enabling - to a large extent - private implementations. The actual ASN.1 file 24102-2.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/24102/-2/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS included in an Annex. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.5.5 ISO 24102-4 - Station-internal management communication

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 24102-4	2	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Provides specifications for secure ITS station-internal management communications.
Comments:
This standard is only applicable for ITS-SCUs being part of an ITS-SU consisting of several such physical units. In addition, this standard is also used for conformance testing, see TS 20026. The actual ASN.1 file 24102-4.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/24102/-4/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS included in an Annex. TSS&TP in ETSI TS 102 797-2 V1.2.1 - to be revised, and ATS in ETSI TS 102 797-3 V1.2.1 - to be revised.

3.5.6 ISO 24102-7 - ITS-S capabilities

Under development; see [49].

3.5.7 ISO 24102-8 - ITS-S application processes

Under development; see [50].

3.5.8 ISO 24102-9 - ITS-S managed entities

Under development; see [51].

3.5.9 ISO 24102-3 - Service access points

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 24102-3	1	None	ISO	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies the management service access points, i.e. the service access points of the interfaces between the ITS-S management entity and the ITS-S access layer (MI-SAP), the ITS-S networking & transport layer (MN-SAP), the ITS-S facilities layer (MF-SAP); the interfaces between the ITS-S security entity and the ITS-S access layer, the ITS-S networking & transport layer, the ITS-S facilities layer; the interface between the ITS-S management entity and the ITS-S security entity (MS-SAP), the interfaces between the ITS-S application entity and the ITS-S management entity (MA-SAP), and the ITS-S security entity (SA-SAP).
Comments:
SAPs are not testable. Note that the ASN.1 specifications of this standard (service primitive specifications) become observable and thus testable in protocol data units specified in ISO 24102-4. The actual ASN.1 files 24102-3-FASAPfunctions.asn 24102-3-MA-CMD.asn 24102-3-MA-REQ.asn 24102-3-MF-CMD.asn 24102-3-MF-REQ.asn 24102-3-MI-CMD.asn 24102-3-MI-REQ.asn 24102-3-MN-CMD.asn 24102-3-MN-REQ.asn 24102-3-MS-CMD.asn 24102-3-MS-REQ.asn 24102-3-MSAPS.asn 24102-3-SF-CMD.asn 24102-3-SF-REQ.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/24102/-3/ed-2/en.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.5.10 TS 102 687- Access layer decentralized congestion control mechanisms

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 687	1.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies the access layer part of the decentralized congestion control mechanism for communications at 5,9 GHz.
Comments:
Bandwidth limitation is an issue in the 10 MHz wide channels at 5,9 GHz. Thus, specific channel congestion control mechanisms are necessary, and multi-hop forwarding with GeoNetworking is not feasible. See also ETSI TS 103 157. Referenced informatively in ISO 24102-1.
Testing:
Test suite in ETSI TS 102 917-1, TS 102 917-2, TS 102 917-3.

3.5.11 TS 102 792 – DSRC mitigation techniques

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 792	1.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies requirements to ensure coexistence between ITS stations using the frequency bands ITS-G5 A/B/D and CEN DSRC using the TTT band (5,8 GHz).
Comments:
Only applicable if CEN DSRC at 5,8 GHz [64], [65], [66] is used in the operational area of C-ITS operating in the 5 GHz band. Note: The technical content of [64], [65], [66] is now to be published in ISO 4426, restricted to the usage for remote interrogation of the European Smart Digital Tachograph. Referenced normatively in ISO 24102-1.
Testing:
Test suite in ETSI TS 102 916-1, TS 102 916-2, TS 102 916-3.

3.5.12 TS 103 157 – Cross layer DCC management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 103 157	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-4	C-5
Description:
Specifies the functionality of the decentralized congestion control (DCC) entity residing in the management plane for the ITS-G5A, ITS-G5B, and ITS-G5D radio interfaces, collectively known as the 5 GHz ITS frequency band: the necessary support functions of DCC that needs to be in the management plane, i.e. cross-layer DCC operations; the required interface parameters between the DCC management entity and the DCC entities in the facilities, the networking & transport and the access layers; the testing procedures and corresponding test cases.
Comments:
ISO 24102-1 informatively refers to the ETSI DCC
Testing:
Test suite in ETSI TS 102 917-1, TS 102 917-2, TS 102 917-3.

3.6 Security

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "Security" introduced in 2.5.

3.6.1 TS 102 731 – Security services and architecture

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 731	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-5	C-2
Description:
Specifies mechanisms at the stage 2 level defined by ETS 300 387 for secure and privacy-preserving communication in ITS environments. It describes facilities for credential and identity management, privacy and anonymity, integrity protection, authentication and authorization.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.6.2 TS 102 941 – Trust and privacy management

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 941	1.3.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Specifies the trust and privacy management for Intelligent Transport System (ITS) communications. Based upon the security services defined in TS 102 731 and the security architecture define in TS 102 940, it identifies the trust establishment and privacy management required to support security in an ITS environment and the relationships that exist between the entities themselves and the elements of the ITS reference architecture defined in EN 302 665 / ISO 21217. Identifies and specifies security services for the establishment and maintenance of identities and cryptographic keys in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Its purpose is to provide the functions upon which systems of trust and privacy can be built within an ITS.
Comments:
Under revision for considering hybrid communications.
Testing:
Unknown

3.6.3 TS 102 942 – Access control

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 942	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Specifies authentication and authorization services to avoid unauthorized access to ITS services. Specifies measures to ensure the required level of security and privacy for ITS message communication.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.6.4 TS 102 943 – Confidentiality services

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 943	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Specifies services to ensure that that the confidentiality of information sent to and from an ITS station can be maintained at a level that is acceptable to the users of the station.
Comments:

Testing:
Unknown

3.6.5 TS 103 097 Security header and certificate formats

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 103 097	1.3.1		ETSI	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Specifies the secure data structure including header and certificate formats for Intelligent Transport Systems.
Comments:
The document is based on the specifications in IEEE Std. 1609.2™: "IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments — Security Services for Applications and Management Messages", as amended by IEEE Std. 1609.2a™-2017: "Standard for Wireless Access In Vehicular Environments — Security Services for Applications and Management Messages Amendment 1".
Testing:
Test suite provided in ETSI TS 103 096-1, TS 103 096-2, TS 103 096-3.

3.6.6 IEEE Std. 1609.2 - Security services for applications and management messages

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
Std. 1609.2	2016 with amendment 2017	None	IEEE	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Defines secure message formats and processing for use by Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) devices, including methods to secure WAVE management messages and methods to secure application messages. Describes administrative functions necessary to support the core security functions.
Comments:
This edition is being complemented by IEEE 1609.2b.
Testing:
Unknown

3.6.7 ISO 21177 - Secure sessions with ITS station units

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21177	1	None	ISO	Published	A-5	C-5
Description:
Contains specifications for a set of ITS station security services required to ensure the authenticity of the source and integrity of information exchanged between trusted devices, i.e. devices operated as bounded secured managed entities specified in ISO 21217 and external entities such as sensor and control networks. These services include authentication and secure session establishment which are required to exchange information in a trusted and secure manner. Such secured services are essential for many ITS applications and services including time-critical safety applications, automated driving, remote management of ITS stations (ISO 24102-2), and roadside / infrastructure related services.
Comments:
This is also applicable for accessing sensor and control networks, e.g. probe data in vehicles via the CAN bus. The actual ASN.1 files access-control.asn; and adaptor-layer.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/21177/ed-1/en. Complements to and minor modifications of ISO 21177 are proposed in TR 21186-3, and already processed in the new work item to amend and slightly revise the standard.
Testing:
Not available

3.7 Access technologies

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "Access layer technologies" introduced in 2.5.

3.7.1 ISO 21215 – ITS-M5

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21215	2	None	ISO	Published	A-6	C-6
Description:
Provides specifications of a communication interface (CI) named "ITS-M5" with reference to IEEE Std 802.11™. Specifies the additions to and deviations from IEEE Std 802.11™ required to make ITS-M5 CIs compatible with the ITS station and communication architecture specified in ISO 21217. Supports frequency regulation in all regions, with explicit reference to European frequency regulation (EN 301 893, EN 302 571). Supports both OCB mode and ordinary WiFi mode.
Comments:
Covers fully ETSI EN 302 663 V1.2.1 with the difference, that EN 302 663 V1.2.1 still uses LPD instead of EPD – although EPS is required in the 2016 edition of the referenced base standard IEEE Std 802.11™, whilst ISO 21215 uses EPD - as US DSRC (WAVE) does. Candidate to replace ETSI EN 302 663, and by this enhance the supported functionality. Includes European usage as specified in the context of EN 302 663. The actual ASN.1 file 21215.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/21215/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS included in Annex. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.7.2 ISO 21218 - Access technology support

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21218	2	None	ISO	In publication	A-6	C-5
Description:
Specifies general technical details related to the access layer of the ITS station reference architecture specified in ISO 21217 including the service access point (SAP) of a communication interface (CI) as provided by the communication adaptation layer (CAL) for communication, named IN-SAP, and related service primitives and service primitive functions; the SAP provided by the CI management adaptation entity (MAE) for management of the communication interface, named MI-SAP, and related service primitives by reference to ISO 24102-3, and service primitive functions.
Comments:
This is one of the core standards for hybrid communications. Provides a common communications SAP for all kinds of access technologies, including cellular networks. The actual ASN.1 file ISO21218_edition3_ITSllsapVersion2.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/21218/ed-3/en.
Testing:
PICS included in Annex. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.7.3 EN 302 663 – ITS-G5

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 663	1.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-6	C-6
Description:
Specifies a profile of IEEE Std 802.11™ OCB @ 5,9 GHz for Europe.
Comments:
The functionality of this ETSI standard is fully covered by ISO 21215, including the correct protocol discrimination (EPD), whilst EN 302 663 V1.2.1 still uses LPD which is deprecated by IEEE.
Testing:
Unknown

3.7.4 TS 102 724 - Harmonized channels in the 5 GHz frequency band

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 724	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-6	C-6
Description:
Specifies details of the channel usage in the ITS G5A and ITS G5B bands including multichannel operation support.
Comments:
This functionality is also supported by ISO 21215
Testing:
Unknown

3.7.5 IEEE Std. 802.11 - Wireless LAN

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
IEEE Std. 802.11	2016	None	IEEE	Published	A-6	C-6
Description:
Provides one medium access control (MAC) and several physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable, and moving stations (STAs) within a local area.
Comments:
Included in ISO 21215 by reference.
Testing:
Unknown

3.7.6 EN 301 893 – RLAN essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 301 893	2.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-6	C-7, C-8
Description:
Specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for 5 GHz wireless access systems (WAS) including RLAN equipment. Describes spectrum access requirements to facilitate spectrum sharing with other equipment. This radio equipment is capable of operating in all or parts of the frequency bands: Transmit 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz Receive 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz Transmit 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz Receive 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz Covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU.
Comments:
This standard can be used in combination with ISO 22418 (service announcement), applying ISO 21215 (OCB mode) with the service announcer being the entity performing the required DFS.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.7.7 EN 302 571 – C-ITS essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 571	2.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-6	C-7, C-8
Description:
Specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurement for radio transmitters and receivers operating in the frequency range 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz. The spectrum usage conditions are set out in ECC Decision (08)01 for the frequency range 5 875 MHz to 5 925 MHz (with 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz considered as a future ITS extension) and in ECC Recommendation (08)01 for the frequency range 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz. The Commission Decision 2008/671/EC mandates a harmonised use of the frequency band 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz dedicated to safety-related applications of ITS throughout the member states of the European Union. 5 GHz ITS frequency band segmentation: 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz ITS non-safety applications ECC Recommendation (08)01; 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz ITS road safety Commission Decision 2008/671/EC, ECC Decision (08)01; 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz Future ITS applications ECC Decision (08)01. Covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU. Interference mitigation techniques in the present document are provided to protect road tolling applications using CEN DSRC or HDR DSRC."
Comments:
Cited in the Official Journal of the European Union
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.7.8 ISO 17515-1 – LTE access to Internet

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 17515-1	2015	None	ISO	Published	A-6	C-6
Description:
Specifies general usage of LTE in an ITS-SU conformant with ISO 21217 and ISO 21218 for access to Internet.
Comments:
Essential technical specifications for LTE Internet access are provided by 3GPP. This is a "placeholder" for any kind of cellular access to the Internet. For this type of communications, the concept of "neutrality of technologies" applies.
Testing:
not available

3.8 Networking and transport technologies

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area "Network and transport layer technologies" introduced in 2.5.

3.8.1 ISO 29281-1 – Fast networking & transport protocol (FNTP)

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 29281-1	2	None	ISO	Under publication	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies the "Fast Networking & Transport Protocol" (FNTP) for efficient localized communications distinguishing networking related features and transport related features. FNTP is extendible in the future without breaking binary backward compatibility. Specifies message formats and related basic protocol procedures by reference to ISO 16460, and further requirements for operation of FNTP in the context of an ITS station specified in ISO 21217.
Comments:
Provides broadcast interoperability mode with IEEE 1609.3 WSMP. The actual ASN.1 file ISO29281-1_2018_ITSfntp.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/29281/-1/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS contained in an Annex. TSS&TP in ETSI TS 102 985-2 V1.2.1 [157] - to be revised, and ATS in ETSI TS 102 985-3 V1.2.1 [158] - to be revised.

3.8.2 ISO 21210 – IPv6 networking for ITS

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21210	1 plus Amd 1	None	ISO	Published	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies networking protocol functionalities related to IPv6 networking between two or more ITS stations communicating over the global Internet communication network.
Comments:
ISO 21210 will be complemented and split into a multi-part document with the new title " Intelligent transport systems - IPv6 networking " and with four parts: Part 1: Common terms, definitions and requirements Part 2: Addressing and forwarding Part 3: Mobility management Part 4: ITS station management adaptation entity The actual ASN.1 file ISO 21210_2012A1_ITSipv6.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/21210/.
Testing:
Not available

3.8.3 EN 302 636-4-1 – GeoNetworking – media-independent functionality

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 636-4-1	1.3.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies the media-independent functionality of the GeoNetworking protocol.
Comments:
It is agreed that the multi-hop forwarding, for which GeoNetworking was designed, is not applicable in the 10 MHz wide channels at 5,9 GHz. Single hop localized communications can be achieved more efficiently by applying the ISO 29281-1 FNTP messaging protocol, which has the broadcast interoperability mode with IEEE 1609.3 WSMP. However GeoNetworking single-hop mode is already supported by all vendors of ITS-SUs. GeoNetworking thus is the recommended protocol for early deployment. Thus coexistence with ISO 29281-1 and a migration towards ISO 29281-1 are recommended. It is to be noted that a TS version of this standard co-exists; it is not obvious whether the EN or the TS version is closer to the implementation reality.
Testing:
Test suite available in the ETSI series TS 102 871-1, TS 102 871-2, TS 102 871-3.

3.8.4 TS 302 636-4-2 – GeoNetworking – media-dependent functionality for ITS-G5

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 636-4-2	1.1.3	None	ETSI	Published	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies the media-dependent functionalities for GeoNetworking over ITS-G5 as a network protocol for ad hoc routing in vehicular environments
Comments:
See comment on EN 302 636-4-1 in 3.8.3.
Testing:
Test suite available in the ETSI series TS 102 871-1, TS 102 871-2, TS 102 871-3.

3.8.5 EN 302 636-5-1 – Basic transport protocol for GeoNetworking

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 636-5-1	2.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies the Basic Transport Protocol (BTP) for the transport of packets among ITS stations. It resides on top of the GeoNetworking protocol specified in ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 and ETSI TS 102 636-4-2 and below the ITS-S facilities layer. It provides an end-to-end, connection-less and unreliable transport service.
Comments:
See comment on ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 in 3.8.3. It is to be noted that a TS version of this standard co-exists; it is not obvious whether the EN or the TS version is closer to the implementation reality. This standard is only needed in combination with EN 302 636-4-x.
Testing:
Test suite available in the ETSI series TS 102 870-1, TS 102 870-2, TS 102 870-3.

3.8.6 EN 302 636-6-1 – IPv6 over GeoNetworking

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 636-6-1	1.2.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-7	C-5
Description:
Specifies the transmission of IPv6 packets over the ETSI GeoNetworking protocol as defined in ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 via a protocol adaptation sub-layer referred to as the GN6ASL (GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer). The scope of the present document is limited to the GN6ASL.
Comments:
See comment on ETSI EN 302 636-4-1. It is to be noted that a TS version of this standard co-exists; it is not obvious whether the EN or the TS version is closer to the implementation reality. This standard is only needed in combination with EN 302 636-4-x.
Testing:
Test suite available in the ETSI series TS 102 859-1 [136], TS 102 859-2 [137], TS 102 859-3 [138]TS 102 859-1, TS 102 859-2, TS 102 859-3.

3.8.7 EN 302 931 - Geometrical shapes

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 931	1.1.1		ETSI	Published	A-7	C-4
Description:
Specifies geometrical shapes to be used as geographical area definitions
Comments:
This is used in GeoNetworking.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.8.8 TS 103 248 – Port numbers for BTP

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 103 248	1.1.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-7	C-9
Description:
Defines port number values for the Basic Transport Protocol as specified in ETSI EN 302 636-5-1.
Comments:
As this port number space is dedicated to the GeoNetworking protocol, it is not applicable for other messaging protocols, e.g. FNTP specified in ISO 29281-1 or WSMP specified in IEEE 1609.3.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.8.9 ISO 16460 – Harmonized messaging format

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 16460	1	None	ISO	Published	A-7	C-4, C-5
Description:
Specifies the Localized Message (LM) format: an NPDU of a networking and transport layer protocol that does not support routing of a packet through a network; the related basic requirements for procedures. Specifications are partly done by normative references to IEEE 1609.3. Further protocol details are specified in ISO 29281-1.
Comments:
Harmonized message formats used in ISO 29281-1 and IEEE Std. 1609.3. Specifies also harmonized messages for service announcement; see 3.9.3. The actual ASN.1 files TS16460_2016_ITSee.asn; and TS16460_2016_ITSlm.asn; and are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/16460/TS%2016460%20ASN.1%20repository.
Testing:
Will be tested in the context of the target protocol, e.g. ISO 29281-1.

3.9 Station facilities

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area A-8 "Facility layer technologies" introduced in 2.5.

3.9.1 ISO 19091 – Intersection management SPaT / MAP / SRM / SSM

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 19091	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4
Description:
Defines message, data structures, and data elements in support of exchanges between the roadside equipment (traffic lights) and vehicles. Creates profiles of SAE J2735.
Comments:
The actual ASN.1 file ISO-TS-19091-addgrp-C-2018.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19091/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS to be developed in CEN ISO TS 20598. TSS&TP and ATS not available. There is a test suite dedicated to the SAE version of TS 19091 provided in the ETSI series TS 103 191-1, 103 191-2, 103 191-3.

3.9.2 ISO 19321 – In-vehicle information

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 19321	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4
Description:
Specifies in-vehicle information (IVI) data structures that are required by different ITS services (for example, refer to ISO TS 17425 and ISO TS 17426) for exchanging information between ITS Stations.
Comments:
The actual ASN.1 file ISO19321(2019)IVIv2.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19321/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS to be developed in CEN ISO TS 20597. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.9.3 ISO 16460 – Harmonized messages for service announcement

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 16460	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4, C-5
Description:
Specifies the Service Advertisement Message (SAM): an APDU to be transported in for example, an LM specified in ISO 29281-1 [56]; the Service Response Message (SRM): an APDU acknowledging a SAM that offered a service based on an ITS application class to be transported in for example, an LM; the related basic requirements for procedures. Specifications are partly done by normative references to IEEE 1609.3 [109]. Further protocol details are specified in ISO 22418.
Comments:
Harmonized message formats used in ISO 22418 and IEEE Std. 1609.3. Specifies also the harmonized messaging format; see 3.8.9. The actual ASN.1 files TS16460_2016_ITSee.asn; and TS16460_2016_ITSsa.asn are freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/16460/TS%2016460%20ASN.1%20repository.
Testing:
Will be tested in the context of the target protocol, e.g. ISO 22418.

3.9.4 ISO 17429 – Generic facilities CPH, CSH, FSH

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 17429	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4, C-5
Description:
Specifies generic mechanisms enabling the exchange of information between ITS stations for applications related to Intelligent Transport Systems. It complies with the ITS station reference architecture (ISO 21217) and defines the following ITS station facilities layer functionalities: Communication Profile Handler (CPH); Facilities Services Handler (FSH); Content Subscription Handler (CSH).
Comments:
Will be split into a multi-part document with the new title " Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) — ITS station facility services" and with three parts: Part 1: Communication profile handler Part 2: Facility services handler Part 3: Content subscription handler
Testing:
PICS to be developed in CEN ISO TS 20594. TSS&TP and ATS not available.

3.9.5 ISO 18750 - Local dynamic map

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 18750	2	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4, C-5
Description:
Describes the functionality of a "Local Dynamic Map" (LDM) in the context of the "Bounded Secured Managed Domain" (BSMD); Specifies general characteristics of LDM Data Objects (LDM-DOs); service access point functions; procedures in an LDM; mechanisms supporting several LDMs in a single ITS station unit.
Comments:
This testable standard fully covers the functionality of ETSI EN 302 895, which is not testable. The actual ASN.1 file 18750.asn is freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/18750/ed-1/en.
Testing:
PICS contained in an Annex. TSS&TP and ATS to be developed.

3.9.6 ISO 21176 – Position, velocity, time in an ITS-SU

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21176	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4
Description:
Specifies a generic PVT (absolute Position, Velocity and Time) service within the ITS station facilities layer (ISO 21217) and its interface to e.g. the LDM service specified in ISO 18750 [19], ITS-S application processes specified in ISO 21217 [39], and the generic facilities service handler (FSH) functionality of the ITS station facilities layer specified in ISO 17429 [15].
Comments:
Provides flexibility for various formats of PVT data. Explicitly refers to the format specifications in ETSI TS 102 894-2.
Testing:
PICS contained in an Annex. TSS&TP and ATS to be developed.

3.9.7 ISO 22418 – Fast service announcement protocol

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 22418	2	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-5
Description:
Specifies the "Fast Service Advertisement Protocol" (FSAP) in support of locally advertised ITS services uniquely identified by an ITS application identifier (ITS-AID). Specifies message formats and related basic protocol procedures by reference to ISO 16460, and further related protocol requirements for operation of FSAP in the context of an ITS station specified in ISO 21217.
Comments:
Provides interoperability mode with IEEE Std 1609.3 WSA. The actual ASN.1 file 22418.asn will become freely available for download via a hyperlink at https://standards.iso.org/iso/22418/ed-2/en.
Testing:
PICS contained in an Annex. TSS&TP and ATS to be developed.

3.9.8 EN 302 637-2 - Cooperative awareness message

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 637-2	1.4.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-8	C-2, C-4, C-5
Description:
Provides the specifications of the Cooperative Awareness basic service (CA basic service), which is in support of the BSA road safety application. Specifies the syntax and semantics of the Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and and the CAM protocol handling.
Comments:
There are discussions at ETSI to revise this standard in order to make CAM better fit to cellular network communications. That would break backward compatibility.
Testing:
Test suite available in ETSI series of TS 102 868-1, TS 102 868-2, TS 102 868-3.

3.9.9 EN 302 637-3 – Decentralized environmental notification message

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 302 637-3	1.3.1	None	ETSI	Published	A-8	C-2, C-4, C-5
Description:
Provides specification of the DEN basic service, which is in support of the RHW application. Specifies the syntax and semantics of the "Decentralized Environmental Notification Message" (DENM) and the DENM protocol handling.
Comments:
There are discussions at ETSI to revise this standard in order to make DENM better fit to cellular network communications. That would break backward compatibility.
Testing:
Test suite available in ETSI series of TS 102 869-1, TS 102 869-2, TS 102 869-3.

3.9.10 ISO 21184 – Global transport data management framework

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
ISO 21184	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-5
Description:
Contains specifications of the "Global Transport Data Management" (GTDM) framework covering also sensor and control network related information to be made available in a safe and secure manner to ITS applications. Specifies mechanisms how messages are assembled and disassembled, based on configuration definitions. Provides specifications of the process of registering new data objects. Describes tasks and responsibilities of stakeholders in order to support the use cases specified by authorities and other stakeholders. These services are essential for many ITS applications and services including time-critical safety applications, automated driving, remote management of ITS stations (ISO 24102-2), and roadside / infrastructure related services.
Comments:

Testing:
Not available

3.9.11 TS 102 894-1 – Facilities layer structure and functional requirements

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 102 894-1	1.1.1		ETSI	Published	A-8	C-2
Description:
Defines the functional architecture for the facilities layer of the ITS station and provides functional requirements and specifications for main identified facilities in support of the BSA specified in ETSI TR 102 638.
Comments:

Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.9.12 TS 103 301 – Facilities layer requirements for infrastructure services

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 103 301	1.2.1		ETSI	Published	A-8	C-2
Description:
Provides specifications of infrastructure related ITS services to support communication between infrastructure ITS equipment and traffic participants using ITS equipment (e.g. vehicles, pedestrians). It defines services in the Facilities layer for communication between the infrastructure and traffic participants. The specifications cover the protocol handling for infrastructure-related messages as well as requirements to lower layer protocols and to the security entity.
Comments:

Testing:

3.9.13 TS 17425 - In-vehicle presentation of external road and traffic related data

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 17425	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-4, C-5
Description:
Specifies the In-Vehicle Signage service and application that delivers In-Vehicle Signage information to ITS stations (vehicle ITS stations or personal ITS stations devices) concerning road and traffic conditions, qualified by road authorities/operators, in a consistent way with road authority's/operator's requirements, in the manner that is coherent with the information that would be displayed on a road sign or variable message sign (VMS).
Comments:
Overlaps with CEN ISO TS 19091.
Testing:
Unknown

3.9.14 TS 17426 - Contextual speeds

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 17426	1	None	ISO	Published	A-8	C-2, C-4, C-5
Description:
Specifies the Contextual Speed Information Service, namely the general requirements regarding the provision of the Contextual Speed Information Service, the data flow supporting the service, and the presentation of the service result.
Comments:

Testing:
PICS specification ISO 21189.

3.9.15 EN 16157-2 – DATEX II location referencing

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 16157-2	1	Predecessor TS	CEN	Published	A-8	C-4
Description:
Specifies the informational structures, relationships, roles, attributes and associated data types, for the implementation of the location referencing systems used in association with the different publications defined in the Datex II framework.
Comments:
This is the first edition defining DATEX II Version 3.0.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.9.16 EN 16157-3 – DATEX II situation publication

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
EN 16157-3	1	Predecessor TS	CEN	Published	A-8	C-4
Description:
Specifies the informational structures, relationships, roles, attributes and associated data types required for publishing situation traffic and travel information within the DATEX II framework.
Comments:
This is the first edition defining DATEX II Version 3.0.
Testing:
Conformance testing is not applicable.

3.10 Protocol stack

NOTE Standards described in this sub-clause relate to the standardisation area A-9 "Protocol stack" introduced in 2.5.

3.10.1 TS 17496 – Communication profiles

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 17496	1	None	CEN	Published	A-9	C-5
Description:
Contains specifications of the methodology to identify communication profiles based on standardized communication protocols to interconnect ITS station units. Globally unique identifiers of communication profiles are used e.g. in ISO 22418.
Comments:
An initial Vienna Agreement was cancelled by CEN: almost identical TS at ISO published with slightly different title: ISO/TS 21185 Intelligent transport systems — Communication profiles for secure connections between trusted devices.
Testing:
Not available

3.10.2 TS 17182 – eCall in an ITS-SU

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
TS 17182	1	None	CEN	Published	A-9	C-5
Description:
Defines the high-level application protocols, procedures and processes required to provide the eCall service via an ISO 21217 conformant "ITS station unit".
Comments:
Uses ISO 22418.
Testing:
Not available

3.10.3 SAE J2945/1 – On-board system requirements for V2V safety communications

Reference:	Latest edition:	Other editions:	SDO:	Status:	Standard area	Standard category
J2945/1	2016	None	SAE	Published	A-9	C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6,
Description:
Specifies the system requirements for an on-board vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) safety communications system for light vehicles, including standards profiles, functional requirements, and performance requirements. The system is capable of transmitting and receiving the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2735-defined Basic Safety Message (BSM) over a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) wireless communications link as defined in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1609 suite [107, 108, 109, 110] and IEEE 802.11 [112] standards.
Comments:
This is not just applicable for C-ITS in the USA, but also referenced in the European Union.
Testing:
Unknown